Incorrect. This ligament spans the tips of the vertebra spinous processes, thus in a median (midline) approach this would be the first ligament penetrated. However, the anesthesiologist is using a paramedian approach, so the needle passes to the side of the superspinous ligament and doesn't penetrate it at all.

Incorrect. The interspinous ligament spans the space between the vertebral spinous processes. It would be penetrated with a median approach, but not in a paramedian approach which passes to the side of the ligament.

Even in a median approach, it would not be the first ligament penetrated as there is a more posterior ligament present spanning between the tips of the spinous processes.    

Incorrect. The dura is located within the vertebral canal as the outer, strongest, part of the meninges. It is deep to other ligaments spanning between the vertebra.

Correct! The ligamentum flavum spans between the lamina of the vertebra. In a paramedian approach, where the needle is inserted from the side, this becomes the first ligament reached after the needle passes through the true back muscles.  

Incorrect. The posterior longitudinal ligament runs along the posterior side of the vertebral bodies, thus it is deep to the spinal cord.  To reach this location the lumbar injection needle would have passed through the entire lumbar cistern and impacted onto the vertebral body.

Incorrect. This ligament runs on the anterior side of the vertebral bodies. A lumbar puncture is performed from the posterior side (the back) so a needle cannot reach the anterior longitudinal ligament as it would impact the vertebral bodies before reaching the anterior side.

Incorrect.  The ligamentum nuchae is the expansion of the supraspinous ligament in the cervical region. Thus, it is not present in lumbar regions.